Microfinance has become an important tool for reducing poverty and empowering women in Jharkhand. This study examines the social and economic factors that affect the success of tribal women entrepreneurs in the state, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Tribal women in Jharkhand are among the most disadvantaged sections of society. Over the last few years, microfinance services offered by banks and MFIs have helped both rural and urban tribal women to start small businesses. The main aim of microfinance is to provide financial support to women so they can start enterprises and take part in economic and social activities. The study is based on data from 240 respondents across Gumla, Khunti, and West Singhbhum districts. It finds that SHGs, JLGs, and MFIs have improved access to credit, income levels, and decision-making among tribal women. However, challenges like low financial literacy, poor market access, and socio-cultural barriers still limit growth. The paper argues that microfinance is necessary but not enough. For sustainable entrepreneurship, it must be supported by training, market linkages, and policy interventions.