Financial technology evolution has changed the way people use and interrelate with financial services. With the starting of electronic payment systems, introduction of digital ecosystem like mobile payments, computerized banking, online loans, AI, blockchain and data-driven financial services have grown. Fintech is the important tool for financial inclusion because of digital platforms which reduces transaction costs, solve geographical problems and accesssible to people who have been untouched by formal financial institutions. But, technology cannot only guarantee financial inclusion, due to poor internet access, costly devices, lack of digital skills, financial knowledge or raising security and privacy. Issues. This paper examines the evolution of fintech and studies the formal conditions that impact its contribution to financial inclusion. As per the literature review, The paper concludes that fintech creates opportunities for financial inclusion, but strong and responsive institutions are necessary to ensure that these opportunities are widely and fairly shared.
Sharma, P. (2026). The Evolution of Fintech and Financial Inclusion: The Role of Institutions in Shaping Digital Financial Systems. Journal of Commerce, Economics & Computer Science, 12(03), 204–208. https://doi.org/10.62823/jcecs/12.03.9528
- Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2016). The evolution of FinTech: A new post-crisis paradigm? Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47(4), 1271–1319.
- Carè, R., Boitan, I. A., Stoian, A. M., & Fatima, R. (2025). Exploring the landscape of financial inclusion through the lens of financial technologies: A review. Finance Research Letters, 72, 106500.
- Gomber, P., Koch, J.-A., & Siering, M. (2017). Digital finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions. Journal of Business Economics, 87(5), 537–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x
- Ha, D., Le, P., & Nguyen, D. K. (2025). Financial inclusion and FinTech: A state-of-the-art systematic literature review. Financial Innovation, 11, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-024-00741-0
- Joia, L. A., & Cordeiro, J. P. (2021). Unlocking the potential of FinTechs for financial inclusion: A Delphi-based approach. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 47, 101040.
- Liu, Q., Chan, K.-C., & Chimhundu, R. (2024). Fintech research: Systematic mapping, classification, and future directions. Financial Innovation, 10, 24.
- Morgan, P. J. (2022). FinTech and financial inclusion in Southeast Asia and India. Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper.
- Sant'Anna, D. A. L. M., & Figueiredo, P. N. (2024). FinTech innovation: Is it beneficial or detrimental to financial inclusion and financial stability? A systematic literature review and research directions. Emerging Markets Review, 60, 101140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101140
- Schueffel, P. (2016). Taming the beast: A scientific definition of FinTech. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.004_0004
- Senyo, P. K., & Osabutey, E. L. C. (2020). Unearthing antecedents to financial inclusion through FinTech innovations. Technovation, 98, 102155.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102155
- Senyo, P. K., Karanasios, S., Gozman, D., & Baba, M. (2022). FinTech ecosystem practices shaping financial inclusion: The case of mobile money in Ghana. European Journal of Information Systems, 31(1), 112–127.
- Trotta, A., Gallucci, C., Rania, F., Strano, E., & Tipaldi, R. (2026). The “black box” of digital finance: An umbrella review of the challenges and drawbacks in advancing financial inclusion. Research in International Business and Finance, 81, 103188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103188
- World Bank. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. World Bank.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex.