Inequality between genders continues to be a structural issue within socio-political environments worldwide, limiting human development and progress. In this paper, a complete analysis of sensitization measures regarding gender and integration thereof into policies is done. An assessment of the process of shifting from gender-blind policies to gender-responsive budgeting and mainstreaming through the lens of the history of such changes is provided. Using the methods of policy analysis, sociology and institutional analysis, this paper will emphasize the issues of bottlenecks, socio-cultural barriers, and implementation gaps that hinder the actualization of progressive policies. An intersectional sensitivity policy model is proposed at the conclusion of the paper.
- Campbell, R. (2008). The psychological impact of rape victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Psychologist, 63(8), 702–717.
- Cornwall, A., & Coelho, V. S. (Eds.). (2007). Spaces for change? The politics of citizen participation in new democratic arenas. Zed Books.
- Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antiracism doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167.
- Goetz, A. M. (Ed.). (1997). Getting institutions right for women in development. Zed Books.
- Hedman, E., Perucci, F., & Sundström, P. (1996). Engendering statistics: A tool for change. Statistics Sweden.
- Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435–464.
- Lowndes, V., & Roberts, M. (2013). Why institutions matter: The new institutionalism in political science. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mackay, F., Kenny, M., & Chappell, L. (2010). New institutionalism through a gender lens: Towards a second generation? International Political Science Review, 31(5), 573–588.
- MacKinnon, C. A. (1989). Toward a feminist theory of the state. Harvard University Press.
- Natarajan, M. (2008). Women police in a changing society: Backstage faces of female law enforcement. Ashgate Publishing.
- Rao, A., & Kelleher, D. (2005). Is there life after gender mainstreaming? Gender & Development, 13(2), 57–69.
- Sharp, R. (2003). Budgeting for equality: Gender budgeting initiatives within a framework of performance-oriented budgeting. UNIFEM.
- Stotsky, J. G. (2016). Gender budgeting: Fiscal context and policy approach. International Monetary Fund (IMF Working Paper WP/16/149).
- Subrahmanian, R. (2004). Making sense of gender in child rights: A framework for policy analysis. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 42(2), 241–260.
- United Nations. (1995). Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women: Beijing, 4-15 September 1995. United Nations Publications.
- UN ECOSOC. (1997). Agreed Conclusions 1997/2 on Gender Mainstreaming. United Nations Economic and Social Council.
- UN General Assembly. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1249, p. 13.
- UN Security Council. (2000). Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. S/RES/1325.
- UN Sustainable Development Goals. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1.
- Walby, S. (2005). Gender mainstreaming: Productive tensions in theory and practice. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 12(3), 321–343.
- Waylen, G. (2014). Informal institutions, gender and transitions: Change and continuity in Argentina, Chile and South Africa. International Political Science Review, 35(2), 223–240.
