This study provides a systematic literature review on solar energy prosumerism in the sustainable development context using the TCCM framework. The paper reveals recent trends in the prosumer research landscape and identifies research gaps that constrain the behavioural understanding of the household transition from passive energy consumer to active energy prosumer. This paper used the Theory, Context, Characteristics and Methodology (TCCM) framework for theory development and to identify gaps in existing research and future research directions. A total of 38 articles were used in the paper for the TCCM review. Articles were identified and screened following the PRISMA 2020 protocol using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The findings showed that prosumer research is dominated by techno-economic modelling, and that most studies were conducted in European settings. The behavioural theories are predominantly presented in isolation rather than in an integrated form, and the moderating and mediating mechanisms are largely unexplored. Autarky, peer-to-peer trading, collective self-consumption, regulatory design, information asymmetry and social acceptance emerge as the principal research themes. Future research can center on integrated behavioural models that unify the theory of planned behaviour, the technology acceptance model and the Value–Belief–Norm perspective, on emerging-economy and regional contexts such as Kerala, India, and on longitudinal designs that trace sustained prosumer participation rather than one-off purchase decisions.