India’s tribal communities possess extensive indigenous knowledge systems related to medicinal plants, forest-based nutrition, and ecological balance. However, much of this knowledge remains undocumented and vulnerable to erosion due to socio-economic transitions, environmental degradation, and limited integration with formal healthcare systems. Concurrently, tribal regions face increasing health risks, including zoonotic disease outbreaks, nutritional deficiencies, and climate-sensitive illnesses. These interconnected challenges necessitate an integrated and technology-enabled health framework. This study proposes the VanSwasthya Network, a conceptual AI-enabled digital ecosystem designed to preserve tribal medicinal knowledge, strengthen nutrition security, and establish decentralized eco-health surveillance under the One Health paradigm. The proposed model integrates Artificial Intelligence for data analytics and outbreak prediction, Natural Language Processing for knowledge documentation, blockchain for secure and transparent intellectual property governance, and community-based participatory data collection mechanisms. The research adopts a conceptual and descriptive methodology using secondary policy reports, digital traditional knowledge repositories, and comparative analysis of conventional and digital health models. Findings suggest strong community acceptance of digital preservation initiatives when accompanied by ownership protection mechanisms. The integration of AI-driven analytics demonstrates potential to enhance early disease detection and environmental risk monitoring in forest-based regions.