Environmental sustainability has become an indispensable component of international trade policy, shaping how nations produce, consume, and engage within global value chains. The rapid expansion of globalization and economic liberalization over the past few decades has significantly enhanced trade flows, yet it has simultaneously intensified environmental pressures through increased industrial activity, resource depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the complex interrelationship between trade openness and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the influence of exports, imports, and industrialization on carbon emissions, resource efficiency, and ecological stability. Drawing upon hypothetical yet empirically consistent data trends from 2010 to 2024, the research constructs an Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) to evaluate how trade-related economic growth affects the environment. Key variables such as trade openness ratio, renewable energy utilization, forest cover percentage, industrial growth rate, and per capita CO₂ emissions are integrated to assess sustainability performance. Analytical methods including correlation, regression, and composite index analysis are employed to identify the causal dynamics between trade and environmental outcomes.