Tecomella undulata (Rohida), a deciduous tree belongs to family Bignoniaceae. It is indigenous to the arid and semi‑arid region of India, particularly thriving in Rajasthan’s extreme climatic condition ranging -2 °C up to 48 °C. The plant is currently recognized as a threatened species in Rajasthan, due to overharvesting and its important ecological role. In traditional Ayurveda and tribal medicine, T. undulata has held significant esteem. Historically, its bark and other parts have been employed in addressing a broad spectrum of health issues including syphilis, leucorrhoea, leucoderma (vitiligo), enlarged spleen, traumatic wounds, hepatic disorders, anorexia, flatulence, tumors, worm infestations, and piles.Extracts from the bark and leaves contain radermachol, lapachol, tecomaquinone I, α‑ and β‑lapachone, and the sterols such as stigmasterol, β‑sitosterol, alongside triterpenoids oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and betulinic acid. Betulinic acid and ursolic acid are recognized for their strong anti‑HIV effects, while triacontanol, present in the leaves, serves as a plant growth regulator. Pharmacological studies in rodents and in vitro models have validated several therapeutic properties. Ethanol leaf extract demonstrates anti‑ulcer, anti-inflammatory, and laxative effects in rodent models, reducing ulcer severity, decreasing inflammation and promoting bowel movements. Methanolic bark extracts and butanol fractions have shown anticoagulant and antioxidant activities in vitro, significantly extending clotting time and scavenging free radicals.GC-MS profiling of leaf and bark extracts has also detected flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol in addition to sterols like sitosterol and stigma sterol. These compound classes contribute to the plant’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Overall, Tecomella undulata emerges as a species with a diverse pharmacological profile demonstrating anti-inflammatory, anti‑ulcer, laxative, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticoagulant effects. Given its threatened status and cultural significance, further systematic phytochemical research and conservation efforts are highly recommended to isolate bioactive constituents and explore therapeutic potential while supporting species preservation.