This study examines the impact of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) on waste management and sanitation practices in Manikandam Block, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Launched in 2014, the SBA aimed to eliminate open defecation and improve waste management across India. While national data indicates significant progress, including the construction of over 100 million toilets and a substantial reduction in open defecation rates, localized assessments are essential to understand the program's effectiveness at the grassroots level Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with residents, local officials, and sanitation workers in Manikandam Block. The findings reveal that the SBA has led to notable improvements in sanitation infrastructure, such as increased access to household toilets and enhanced waste collection systems. However, challenges persist, including inconsistent waste segregation practices and the need for sustained behavioral change initiatives. The study underscores the importance of community engagement and continuous monitoring to ensure the long-term success of sanitation programs. Insights from Manikandam Block can inform policy decisions and implementation strategies in similar rural contexts, contributing to the broader goal of achieving universal sanitation coverage in India.