This study examines the impact of Socioeconomic Status (SES) on student academic performance in Chalisgaon Taluka, District Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. The study explores how factors such as parental income, education, and occupation influence academic achievement. The research aims to guide educational policies and interventions to reduce achievement gaps. The study employs a sample size of 90 secondary school students and utilizes correlation and regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between SES and academic performance. The findings indicate that students from higher SES backgrounds perform better academically. However, parental involvement and school resources serve as potential mediators that can lessen the SES-achievement gap. The study recommends targeted interventions for students from lower-income backgrounds. The research also identifies key challenges in accurately measuring SES and its impact on education.