The increasing significance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in the global business landscape has necessitated a paradigm shift in corporate strategy. This paper explores how integrating ESG principles into core business strategies not only enhances corporate responsibility but also drives long-term sustainability and financial performance. Through an in-depth review of academic literature, industry reports, and case studies, this research highlights key drivers, benefits, challenges, and practical frameworks for ESG integration. Global challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, social inequality, and corporate governance crises have intensified stakeholder demands for sustainable business models. ESG criteria provide a holistic lens to assess a firm's external impacts and internal resiliency. This paper explores the evolution of ESG from niche reporting to strategic imperative, arguing that integrating ESG enhances risk management, innovation, and long-term profitability.