Women continue to face a heightened risk of gender-based violence in the workplace, with financial independence often increasing their vulnerability to harassment, despite legal safeguards like the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act). NCRB data shows a rise in reported cases of workplace sexual harassment from 402 in 2018 to 422 in 2022. However, this likely reflects only a fraction of the reality, as many women under-report such incidents due to fear of backlash, lack of awareness, and deep-rooted societal biases. Similarly, there is a stark gap in data on child labour cases. While the NCRB recorded only 1,329 cases under the Child Labour Act between 2015 and 2022, e-Courts data shows 9,193 trials in the same period—eight times more. A deeper analysis of 10,800 cases across six states reveals widespread underreporting, largely due to NCRB’s “Principal Offence Rule,” which overlooks lesser charges like child labour when more serious crimes are involved. These discrepancies highlight the urgent need for more accurate and transparent data collection to inform better policy and protection measures. This paper aims to Effectiveness of legal framework for the protection of women at workplace and Child Labour Issues in India.