Indian society has undergone through a unique version of modernity. The present article tries to unearth the inherent contradictions in India’s negotiation of modernity and gender justice. Drawing on feminist historiography, cultural sociology and intersectional theory, the article traces how Indian women’s agency has evolved within selective modernities that valorize technological advancement while resisting socio-cultural transformation. The article also attempts a serious critique of the symbolic elevation of women in our religious and nationalistic discourses and reveals the structural mechanisms that constrain women's autonomy and agency. By analyzing historical narratives, reform movements, autobiographies and contemporary gendered practices this article offers a layered account of Indian womanhood, resistance and the cultural politics of modernity. Modernity’s impact on women in India cannot be divorced from the broader sociopolitical context. The continuing struggle for gender justice is intertwined with the evolution of caste dynamics and economic inequalities, which shape the lived experiences of women across diverse communities. Furthermore, the discussion extends to contemporary movements advocating for rights and recognition, emphasizing how grassroots activism fosters agency and reshapes narratives around womanhood. Through a multi-faceted approach, this article aims to provide insights into the resilience of Indian women, showcasing their relentless pursuit of autonomy amidst systemic barriers. The ongoing dialogue about modernity and gender justice reflects the complexities of Indian society, necessitating a more nuanced understanding of women's roles that transcends simplistic binaries and acknowledges the diverse realities they navigate. The future of gender justice in India will depend greatly on collaborative efforts that engage various stakeholders, including policymakers, civil society, and grassroots activists, to dismantle the entrenched patriarchal norms that continue to hinder women’s agency.