This paper examines the causal factors contributing to juvenile criminality in India and assesses the effectiveness of the existing legal framework in addressing this pressing issue. In India, juvenile crime has become a major issue, reflecting underlying psychological and socioeconomic issues. In addition to alarming policymakers, the growing number of youngsters involved in criminal activity has prompted concerns about the effectiveness of the current juvenile justice system. Employing a qualitative research methodology that includes semi-structured interviews and comprehensive literature reviews, the research identifies pivotal socio-economic factors such as poverty, family dysfunction, and lack of education that precipitate juvenile delinquency. The findings indicate that while India has made advancements in its legal approaches, particularly through the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Juvenile) Act, significant gaps remain in addressing underlying causes and in rehabilitating young offenders effectively. Additionally, it reveals that the main causes of adolescent offenses are familial dysfunction, peer pressure, poverty, and illiteracy. The objectives of juvenile justice are also compromised by inconsistent application of the law and a lack of adequate rehabilitation methods. This study concludes with recommendations for legal reform and policy initiatives aimed at enhancing the prevention and reintegration of juvenile offenders into society, thereby fostering a more holistic approach to juvenile justice in India.