Biodiversity encompasses environmental factors such as life, genetic characteristics, as well as ecosystems and features, and, therefore, it is an indispensable component of human development and health. Such crucial services as water cleansing, soil enrichment and climate maintenance are crucial for people, and biodiversity is the basis for them. The correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem services suggests that it is critical to increasing food, energy and water availability. In terms of prevention and control of the disease, biodiversity is also important as it helps to maintain ecosystems and control the vectors and pathogens causing disease. Various systems can act as buffers to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and thus promote public health. But the continuing loss of ecosystems and climate alteration, and pollution greatly undermine this. This has also been linked to the decline of natural ecosystems that contain facilities for medical care while infectious disease that is dangerous to global health increase. In addition, biodiversity is a critical factor in ensuring food security. Through various ecosystems, large range of food types is available that aids in the intake of a variety of foods and counteracts malnourishment. There is assurance of the supply of a considerable number of nutrients that are important for the body through the protection of biodiversity. These include policies that combine environmental and health goals, habitat restoration, and sustainable land management. In summary, biodiversity has a critical role in public health. Ensuring sustainable health outcomes and the welfare of future generations requires concerted efforts to protect biodiversity.