At present, cyber space has become an integral and essential part of organizations and human life. It plays a vital role in all critical infrastructures such as power generation and distribution, transportation, strategic industry, finance, telecommunications, and governance. It is a very important medium for information creation, analysis, storage, and retrieval. In short, cyber space has become the oxygen on which the global community is constantly moving towards progress. In today’s interconnected world, cyberspace has given rise to many complex issues and challenges in contemporary society. Among these, cyber security has emerged as a primary concern; especially as our dependence on digital infrastructure continues to expand. India’s cyber security vulnerabilities present significant challenge. India is confronted with complex and ongoing cyber threats from both state and non-state actors that aim at its strategic, economic, and national interests.  In this backdrop, it is imperative to understand the country’s cyber security challenges