The increasing urgency of environmental challenges has brought green finance to the center of global investment strategies, with green bonds emerging as a key funding instrument for sustainable projects. India, as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, has actively incorporated green bonds into its financial ecosystem to achieve long-term sustainability goals. These bonds facilitate investments in renewable energy, climate-resilient infrastructure, and eco-friendly transportation, aligning with India’s international climate commitments. Despite the rapid expansion of the green bond market, several barriers remain, including high issuance costs, limited investor awareness, regulatory complexities, and liquidity constraints. This paper delves into the progress, significance, obstacles, and future potential of green bonds in India, emphasizing their crucial role in fostering sustainable investments. Additionally, it evaluates market trends, the factors driving growth, and strategic policy recommendations to enhance green finance adoption. A thorough literature review and analytical data assessment provide insights into the performance and potential of green bonds in India. The findings highlight that, while considerable advancements have been made, a combination of targeted policy measures and increased investor participation is necessary to maximize the impact of green bonds on India’s sustainability landscape.