This study provides a thematic review of women’s political leadership through the lens of women’s reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. It traces the historical evolution of reservation policies, key legislative measures, and committee recommendation to improve women’s representation. By analyzing its impact, the study explores both opportunities and challenges, offering a theoretical evaluation of its positive and negative effects. Moving beyond surface level indicators, it seeks to offer a deeper understanding of women’s actual political influence in local governance.