Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that develops between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that typically resolve after childbirth. According to recent research, it can also happen during the first trimester of pregnancy. The long-term implications of GDM also necessitate continuous monitoring of both mother and child to mitigate the risks of chronic diseases and to implement early interventions.

Aim: This review article intends to provide insights into the epidemiology of GDM, major contributing factors, screening and diagnostic criteria and complications. It also sheds light on the recent developments in the treatment guidelines for GDM, including the ADA and NICE guidelines.

Method: A screening of published articles has been conducted; followed by selection of relevant literature. Studies and guidelines pertaining to the various aspects of GDM have been studied and data from the same has been extracted for incorporating into this review paper.

Results: It has been found that the global prevalence of GDM has been rising, highlighting the need for timely diagnosis, addressing the risk factor and guideline-directed management. The increasing incidence can be attributed to several factors like genetics, obesity, maternal age and comorbidities as well. This has been discussed in detail in the presented review.

Conclusion: GDM is a growing public health concern due to obesity and lifestyle changes. It poses risks to both mothers and infants, including preeclampsia and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Early diagnosis, management, and personalized treatment are hence crucial.