Rajasthan is the largest state in India. The state boasts an arid desert ecosystem with a diverse agricultural economy. During the last few decades, this region has witnessed major changes in land use patterns. These changes are primarily caused by urbanization, industrial growth, and infrastructure development. This paper discusses the trends in changing land use patterns in Rajasthan, identifying the major drivers of change and their social, economic, and environmental implications. The study analyses datasets, government reports, and scholarly sources to highlight the shift from traditional agriculture to urban and industrial landscapes, with a particular focus on agricultural land conversion into urban centers and industrial zones. Additionally, the research explores the impacts of these changes on local communities, agriculture, and the environment, including water scarcity, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss. The paper also evaluates the sustainability of these transformations, considering the region's vulnerability to climate change and resource depletion. Last, it provides suggestions for the future of land use in Rajasthan as a means toward balanced growth which integrates sustainable agricultural practices, effective resource management, and environmentally responsible urban planning.