Corrosion is a critical issue in industries such as construction, transportation, energy, and manufacturing, leading to significant economic losses and environmental damage. Traditional corrosion inhibitors, often based on toxic chemicals and non-renewable resources, have raised environmental and health concerns. In response, green corrosion inhibitors—eco-friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable substances derived from renewable resources—have emerged as promising alternatives. This research article reviews the latest developments in green corrosion inhibitors, focusing on their sources, mechanisms, effectiveness, and challenges in industrial applications. Special attention is given to plant-based inhibitors, biopolymers, nanomaterials, and their synergistic effects, with an outlook on future directions and potential advancements.