When it comes to developing gender inequality in society, the contemporary workplace is a crucial area. In this chapter, we will take a look at the literature and theories surrounding gender disparity in the workplace. Here, we provide a brief historical context for gender's place in the contemporary division of labor before diving into the facts on gender disparity in the workforce and its intersectional patterns, including both horizontal and vertical occupational sex segregation. Next, we'll go over the most popular theories that attempt to explain these disparities, starting with those that focus on individuals and progressing to those that examine organizations and structural factors. Afterwards, we will go over the research on gender disparity in the workplace, starting with studies that looked at how organizations reproduce gender inequality via cultural, relational, and structural factors, and then going on to studies that discussed ways to reduce this imbalance. Our argument is that there needs to be more theoretical and empirical work on how to fix inequality. We cover two schools of thought on the subject: one is a political theory that looks at how women can be change agents in organizations, and the other is an institutional theory that looks at how institutions and actors can undermine gendered organization. Finally, we provide some directions for where this area of study and thought may go from here.