The rapid pace of economic progress, along with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, puts significant pressure on a nation's limited natural resource reserves. This poses a substantial quandary for scholars and decision-makers in striking a balance in the use of natural resources, taking into account the necessity of preserving them for sustainable development, as well as for guaranteeing food and livelihood security. Land, being an essential natural resource, has consistently been a subject of discourse over its optimal management. India's burgeoning economy has exerted mounting stress on land and other natural resources in the era of liberalization, and this pressure will persist in the future due to the escalating population and the imperative to convert agricultural land for non-agricultural uses. India's land use patterns have seen significant transformations due to increasing urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion. This study examines the different consequences of changing land use patterns on environmental sustainability, economic development, and social equity in India. This paper analyses case examples to illustrate the effects of altering land uses on ecological equilibrium, resource administration, and socio-economic frameworks. The findings indicate that urban expansion not only promotes economic growth, but also exacerbates environmental deterioration, such as the reduction of biodiversity and the increase of pollution. Conversely, changes in agricultural methods bring both advantageous opportunities and challenges in guaranteeing food security and maintaining rural livelihoods. The study also investigates the impact of land use restrictions on marginalized people and the broader implications for spatial planning and governance. The findings highlight the importance of developing comprehensive land use strategies that successfully balance economic expansion with environmental protection and social inclusivity. The proposed solutions aim to address the increasing difficulties and opportunities in India's evolving land use environment through legislative reforms and sustainable land management approaches.