Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with proper surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, detoxification of biological fluids, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation, etc. All these biomedical demand have high magnetization values and size less than 100nm with overall narrow particle size distribution, so that the particles have homogeneous physical and chemical characteristics. But the body is a very complicated system that imposes many physiological and cellular barriers to outside items. There are many problems happen for the nanoparticles in the body. In this review initially we address the all obstacles that we are going to confront or face by iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer therapy and how we may overcome these challenges by surface coating. Everything is going to talk here. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles has been taken into consideration due to their many applications one application among these is in biomedical field. It is used in the treatment of cancer therapy. Magnetic hyperthermia, a process is possible only with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). SPION has unique properties to acts as a heat mediator to destroy cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. In this review, we discuss the heating efficiency of the SPION. In other words, how SPION is so effective in the cancer therapy, we will discuss here. The heating efficiency of SPION depends upon many factors like, magnetic anisotropy of iron oxide nanoparticles that affects the SAR (specific absorption rate). Upon changing the shape & size of SPION also leads to change in their heating efficiency.

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Keywords: Superparamagnetism, Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Surface Modification, Hyperthermia, Surface Coating, Biomedical Application.