Environmental degradation and its grave impact on the lives and livelihood is the current focus of developed and developing economies alike. Climate change has stirred every country and it is being discussed at global level where the burden largely falls on the government to take steps to mitigate the hazards. India has agreed for net zero emission by 2070 and also committed to fast generation of renewable energy by 2030. Though each country is set on the path leading to clean environment but the problem is much more acute and entrenched in a developing nation like ours due to its huge population and mass poverty. The study uses secondary data gathered from the reports to reinforce the assertion that environment protection is essential for sustainable development and how technological adaptation can be used as a means of ensuring the same. However, it is observed that given the status of the environment in India, the issue of protecting it is surrounded by multiple vulnerabilities. There are several impediments in the form of poor finance, low literacy rate, rampant industrialisation, inadequate waste management which make the possibility of India attaining the set emission targets grim. The existing state of the Indian economy makes it difficult to become a circular economy with minimal wastage of resources and use of technology for better efficiency and a greener economy as evident from the sectoral case studies.

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Keywords: Environment, India, Pollution, Poverty, Vulnerability, Sustainability.