Women Economic Empowerment In India : An Overview

Women contribute to the Indian economy in many ways. Apart from her importance in the social framework, a woman’s vital role in village centric community activities, protecting our culture and in determining the consumption attitude makes her special for the economy and society of India. However, it is unfortunate that whereas the economy has been growing at an average rate of 8 percent, 52 percent of women in the country still suffer from malnutrition. They go hungry even when the granaries are full and overflowing. It is shameful that even today while giving birth to a child, on an average, 200 out of 1 lakh pregnant women lose their lives. 58 percent of pregnant women suffer from anemia. In terms of even literacy, though their position has improved but it is far behind the males, as still 34.5 percent of the women are illiterate. Women’s participation in the labour force is quite low, and has been falling over the last few years. The female to male ratio is only 0.36. This is exacerbated by lack of choices that women have to engage in paid work related to work type and location, patriarchal gender norms, and the undue burdens of unpaid care work that women bear. Women continue to be excluded in social, economic and political domains, which shows the inadequate attention towards inclusive growth and unequal gender relations. India ranks 127 out of 187 countries in the gender inequality index with a score of 0.536. The World Economic Forum ranked India 101 out of 136 countries in the Gender Gap Index with a score of 0.655. Analysis of women’s economic empowerment programmes in India will contribute to recommendations about how a ‘double boon’ can be created, i.e. decent paid work that provides support for unpaid care work responsibilities, along with removal of barriers to entry and retention in the labour market. This paper attempts to study the economic empowerment of indian women as well as socioeconomic problems of women in India. Besides this, the paper also examines relevant issues which the women are facing in India. The objective of the study to suggest the guidelines for the eradication of gender bias in economy of India.
 


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