Off-road activities play a crucial role across various industries, and the intricate interaction between tires and terrain significantly impacts vehicle performance. This research paper focuses on Partially based on observation and experience, an off-road tire designed for various terrains model that combines study of multiple scholars to accurately predict key tire characteristics in scenarios of off road terrain. These characteristics include Traction force exerted on a vehicle's hitch, rotational force that propels the vehicle, sideways force experienced during movement, the effect of tire slip and sinkage, and the repeated traversing of a route behaviour, model’s extended to encompass the Essential characteristics of a tyre operating on soil which is soft in nature within unified framework. The approach is extensively discussed, highlighting the vigour and weaknesses of diverse deployment. The  research accounts both flexible and rigid tyres, examining the longitudinal/lateral dynamics. Advantage of semi-empirical model lies in its computational efficiency, making it suitable simulations of vehicle dynamics in real-time. Interestingly, current vehicle dynamics codes are found to inadequately address operations on off road, in which the interaction of tyre terrain dominates performance of vehicle. The research focuses on specific twosoil types: and terrain(loose) and firmer moist clay. results achieved demonstrate, model accurately predicts lateral/longitudinal forces, while also giving reliable estimates of slip-sinkage behaviour and sensitivity of tyre parameter. In summary, this research explores a Model of an off-road tire based on empirical observations and analysis, consolidating work of multiple scholars to effectively capture tire behaviour in off-road conditions. The findings emphasize the significance of the tire-terrain interaction and its impact on vehicle performance, highlighting the need for improved representation in dynamics codes of current vehicle.

Keywords: Off-Road Tyre, Tire-Terrain Interaction, Vehicle Performance, Semi-Empirical Tire Model, Soft Soil, Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics.