Plants are used for treating various ailments since time immemorial. Significant observations have been made on the efficacy and potentiality of various plant extracts as medicines. The medicinal importance of plants is associated with active compounds present in them and their related therapeutic properties. M. parvifolia(Roxb.) Korth. Commonly known as “Kaim”, “Kadam”, belongs to family Rubiaceae. It is highly endangered plant species of Thar desert, Rajasthan. Various oxindolic alkaloids like Mitraphylline, Isomitraphylline, Pteropodine, Isopteropodine, Speciophylline, Uncarine F from M. parvifolialeaves and indolic alkaloids like tetrahydroalstonine, hirsuteine etc. from stem-bark and roots of the tree have been reported. In Ayurveda system, plant is used as antipyretic, anti-arthritis, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and antioxidant.  In traditional Indian medicine system, bark and roots used to cure fevers, colic, muscular pains, stomach burning, poisoning, gynecological problems, cough, edema and as aphrodisiac. Leaves are also used to healing of wounds and ulcers and to alleviate pain.The present work has been reviewed the phytochemical, traditional and scientifically proved current studies on biological activities of M. parvifoliaplant.

Keywords: Active Compounds, Oxindolic Alkaloids, Indolic Alkaloids, Endangered Plant, Rubiaceae.