The increased incidence of cardiovascular (CVD) and lack of adherence, resources, health care infrastructure in highly populated country as India leads us to identify effectiveness of various intervention strategies on primary prevention of CVD, so that on community level only CVD can be prevented and off load the tertiary hospitals. There are no studies to support systematic reviews in evaluating various interventional strategies in terms of reducing CVD. This review summarizes evidences of various strategies for primary prevention on clinical, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes.

Design: We utilized as vigorous search MEDLINE, Pub med and data bases from seven international medicine webs, clinical trials were sought according to SIGN requirement (Scottish Intercolligiate Guideline Network) and reference list of identified studies and relevant reviews were checked from articles published in English language from past 7 years (Jan 2015-jan2022), due to lack of homogeneity in outcomes it was not possible to carry out meta analysis. Out 612 citations 26 RCT and 02 mixed method studies were identified according to SIGN, in majority mode of intervention were digital health interventions. The sample sizes of the studies ranged from 25 to 4672 adults except in one study which included blue collar workers. Study participants included adults with more than one CVD risk factor, including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Maximum studies were conducted in community and primary health centres.

Results: Maximum number of included studies applied lifestyle intervention programs and digital health intervention which included physical exercise and nutritional modifications for reducing the risk of CVD. Regarding the mode of intervention, majority of them were digital health intervention. The intervention duration (treatment time) ranged from 4 to 24 months. The follow-up time 6-12 months and the longest follow-up duration were 6 years. Outcome Variables assessed in reviewed studies as clinical outcomes, Behavioral outcomes and psychological outcomes. Only one study reported regarding mental health well-being as outcome.

Conclusion: Review demonstrates interventions like life style modification, nutritional modification and digital health intervention in primary care seems to improve daily physical activity and dietary habits, cardiovascular risk factors and risk scores.

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Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Primary Prevention.