The largest producers of pepper in the world are Vietnam and Indonesia.  India comes third. Pepper is mostly grown in Western Ghats in Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Production and export of the pepper in the world was dominated by India but the status is losing and there has been stagnant in the production of pepper at around 50,000 tonnes in the last few years.   The major portion of black pepper production in the country is accounted by Kerala and Karnataka. In the country, Kerala accounts for 75 percentof the total production, the production has recorded a slight increase in 2014-15 from 40.6 tonnes to 42.1 tonnes in 2015-16. The yield of pepper is highly affected by the frequent attack of diseases, lack of pest control measures, lack of fertilizer, water facilities, climatic conditions and nature of soil.

Keywords: Pepper, Yield, Theoretical Yield, Potential Yield, Water-Limited Yield, Productivity.