Sustained inclusive economic growth is an economic growth that explicitly targets decent employment generation environmentally sustainable productivity growth and which is consistent with trade, financial, industrial, rural development and social policies. The micro economics dimension captures the transformation for economic diversifications refer to the periodic changes in economic aggregates such as the countries, gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP). Sustainable economic growth requires inclusive growth. Maintaining this is sometimes difficult because economic growth may give rise to negative externalities such as rise in corruption which is a major problem in developing nations however inclusiveness lays emphasis on equality of opportunities in terms of assesses to market resources and unbiased regulatory environment for businesses and individual. The inclusive growth approach tax a longer term prospective such as the focus is on productive employment as a means of increasing the incomes of poor and excluded group and rising of standard of living. For a developing country like India the need of inclusive growth is vital to achieve the overall progress of the country but the major problems concern are poverty, employment, social development , regional disparities etc. The Indian Government tried to make elevation of poverty, increasing employment, solving of social development and also removing regional disparities for achieving sustainable and inclusive growth in Indian economy. Low growth rate of GDP and lower human development index etc are the major problems for achieve inclusive growth in an Indian economy but we have progressed in the field of agriculture the production rate per hectare has been increasing Inspira- Journal of Commerce, Economics & Computer Science : July - September, 2015 after economic reforms. It is a significant achievement for developing countries which are able to maintain demand and supply of product. The Indian government has been making efforts to achieve sustainable inclusive growth for removing the hurdles for above major components.

Training and development is a key ingredient in banking sector for organizational performance improvement. It ensures that randomness is reduced and learning or behavioral change takes place in structured format. It helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level and helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees. This paper analyzes the status of various need analysis based training and development practices in Punjab National Bank and explores the proposed link between the training and employees’ productivity by adopting development based theory. The study makes use of statistical techniques such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient of variation in analysing the data for finding the result. The result shown that the Training in PNB is average and there is scope for improvement in training. Theperception of employees regarding the Training and Development somewhat differs significantly on the basis of gender and designation. Consequently the recommendations support for the noteworthy of needs assessment of training which will bring a constructive worth in banking sector.

From ancient times, women have been managing homes. Hence they are called ‘Home makers.’ But since the last 10 to 15 years, this situation has been changing. These days, in all sorts of fields, women are working efficiently and enthusiastically along with men or if it is said that women work more efficiently than their male colleagues, it wouldn’t be an exaggeration. The present research has been done to know the investment awareness among Indian working women with reference to Akola City. Now- a- days, women want to be financially independent & secure their future with enough funds. This research is based on the study of investment behavior & patterns followed by working women and problems related to investment.

Indore, is the largest city in state of Madhya Pradesh, and is experiencing rapid growth. In the past decade (2001 - 2011), population in Indore increased at an annualized rate of 3.4%. During the same period, the vehicle ownership has more than doubled to 11.8 lakes from 5.5 lakes, an annual growth rate of 8%, more than double the rate of growth of population. This has happened because of migration of people from surrounding rural areas and also increased economic power of individuals. As a result, there has been increased traffic congestion, reduced speed of travel, increased traffic accidents and fatalities. Data from the traffic police shows that 223 fatal accidents occurred in the year 2011, an increase of 57.04% from the year 2001. The Per Capita Trip Rate (PCTR), which is the average number of trips made by a person in one day, in Indore, is 1.12 trips/person/day. However, due to improvement in economic conditions, entry of women into work force, increase in school trips due to higher enrolment in schools etc. This case provides an interesting setting to study various aspects of development, structuring, financing, feasibility and viability of the BRTS. The case highlights various issues faced by managers and regulators handling city transportation projects. This case would be suitable for courses on project financing, public-private partnerships, infrastructure financing for modules related to transportation and infrastructure financing or structuring PPP for graduates and executive program levels.

A common decision facing organizations implementing information technology systems for business reporting is the selection of the appropriate technology standard to represent the information being reported. XBRL is an application of XML using World Wide Web Consortium standards to provide not only a vocabulary for business reporting but also a means of unambiguously representing the semantics, or meaning, of the information being reported. To ensure the consistency of reported financial data and provide quality assurance of these data to stakeholders, banking regulators required the standardization of formulas using the Extensible Business Reporting Language. XBRL has emerged as a widely accepted digital reporting standard which helps in effective and efficient presentation of information for users. It helps in all stages of business analysis and reporting. It provides benefits in form of automatic processing, faster accessibility of information, cost saving and flexibility in business reporting .In this paper, we will share what is XBRL, financial requirements relating to XBRL in India and the benefits attached to using this new form of financial reporting language. This discussion frequently focuses on whether to develop customized software using Extensible Markup Language (XML), or whether the project would benefit from the additional richness of information that can be expressed by using the freely available open standard Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of five factor model of personality and job involvement among employees of IT sector in Chandigarh. A sample of 120 employees was drawn by using a simple random sampling technique. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed. Among these, 90 were valid samples, a valid return rate of 75%. The questionnaire had two instruments which measured the participant’s job involvement and five personality dimensions. To measure job involvement Lodahl and Kejner (1965) scale was used. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to measure five dimensions of personality– Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical results of the study showed that (i)the personality types of openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant positive relationships with their job involvement (ii) neuroticism had significant negative association with job involvement (iii)insignificant relationship was reported between agreeableness and job involvement.

The concept of carbon credit came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling green house gasses emissions. The protocol (Kyoto) provided for various mechanisms for countries with quantified emission limitations and reduction commitments. Thus, Carbon credits create a market for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by giving a monetary value to the cost of polluting the air. The development of carbon markets worldwide has created lots of challenges to companies and accounting is one of the complicated but least understood challenges. As carbon markets evolve and incorporate new elements, additional accounting challenge will continue to emerge. This paper seeks to discuss key accounting considerations under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

The belief that better Corporate Governance practices and Disclosure lead to a superior firm performance is widespread. This paper tries to investigate whether firms’ Corporate Governance Disclosures lead to better financial performance or whether financial performance and Corporate Governance are not related. This study has been retrained only to the Indian Finance Sector and the variables measuring financial performance have been restrained to six variables namely Earnings Per Share, Market Price per Share, Dividend per Share, Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Return on Capital. A Sample of 15 companies from the Indian Finance Sector for a period of 5 years has been chosen having a background of different financial services. Regression analysis and correlation matrix has been used to determine the results.

For the purpose of this study the authors have taken up a special form of business communication through billboards. This is one to mass type of communication in business. One in this means of business communication is the seller (or advertiser working for the manufacturing/selling bodies) who is sender of business message while receivers are all viewers, who can be converted into a prospective customer after decoding the message of the seller. Focus of this study is the message and language of billboards of a small village Sadri. Matthew T. Zakaria opines that “It is a fact that image and appearance play important role in business success.” A total of 14 billboards has been studied for the analysis from main bazar of Sadri. The author has tried to study two components – Image and language of each billboard from the point of view of success of business communication.

This paper is part of my programme of research. The key problems with ODV are conceptual. “Deprival” is not a cost concept and cannot be used for rate base purposes without circularity. In practical terms “ODV pricing” means the highest level of monopolistic rent extraction from consumers that could be theoretically possible in a fully contestable market. That is, it represents an attempt to estimate the limit price under contestability. The economic “value of capital” is simply the DCF of expected earnings from an asset, and this determines deprival value. The regulator’s problem is to choose the optimal level of constraint on the firm’s profits, from which will follow the economic value of the firm’s assets. The traditional solution is to define a breakeven threshold that is consistent with the financial viability of the firm on a going forward basis.

Make in India is an initiative program of the Government of India to encourage Multinational Companies and domestic companies to manufacture their products in India. It was launched by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 25 September, 2014. A new “Make in India” campaign to “transform India into a global manufacturing hub” aims to use manufacturing as a vehicle for job growth. Is this strategy realistic? This paper helps answer the question by describing the job growth potential of the Indian economy. Formal-sector manufacturing demonstrates the most potential for job growth under a more supportive policy regime. The paper models future employment paths for India for the next 20 years. Assuming sufficient reforms to generate East Asia-style manufacturing growth, the impact on employment and output is substantial, even if the campaign target of 100 million new manufacturing jobs remains difficult to achieve. The paper then describes a set of reforms, opportunities and challenges sufficient to unleash such a manufacturing growth boom.

Corporate governance issues have been a growing area of management research especially among large listed firms. Good corporate governance practices are regarded as important in reducing risk for investors, attracting investment capital and improving the performance of companies. Companies need financial resources and better earnings to promote their objectives. Therefore, factors may affect the capital structure and profitability of companies should be considered carefully. Corporate governance is about putting in place the structure, processes and mechanism that ensure that the firm is being directed and managed in a way that enhances long term share holder value through accountability of managers and enhancing organizational performance. Corporate governance refers to a set of rules and incentives by which the management of a company is directed and controlled. Hence good corporate governance and capital structure maximizes the profitability and long term value of the firm for shareholders. There is a great awareness among the researchers to carry out the researches in “corporate governance’. Very little researches on corporate governance. The study found that determinants of corporate governance are not correlated to the capital structure and firm performance measures of the organization.

In an increasingly complex world with increasingly powerful organizations it seems inevitable that society–or groups in society– would become anxious about whether these organizations could be encouraged to match that power with an appropriate responsibility. This is the function of accountability – to require individuals and organizations to present an account of those actions for which society holds them – or would wish to hold them – responsible. And the history of social accounting, at its most fundamental, is a history of attempts to develop this accountability. It seems to me that the widespread and systematic practice of social and environmental accounting is a deeply essential element in any well-functioning, complex democracy. Social accounting has grown, in a relatively few years, from a very marginal area of interest and practice to a diverse and vibrant area of research, teaching and practice. Incidentally, some of this vibrancy may well derive from there being twin sources of literature in the field of accounting on the one hand and finance the broader management and organisational studies on the other. In this paper we discuss what social accounting is, could and/or should be & whether social accounting could have succeeded more obviously in raising and maintaining an energetic discourse. The paper provides a brief introduction to the growth in the social accounting literature.

Today the Indian banking system has gone through significant transformation following financial sector reforms. Several prudential, payment, integrating and provisioning norms have been introduced to improve efficiency and trimming down the NPAs to improve the financial health of the banking sector. NPA involves the necessity of provisions, any increase in which bring down the overall profitability of banks; is the indicator of banking health in a country. The issue of mounting non-performing assets is giving jitters to banking sector particularly in many a developing economy. This article attempts to focus mainly on the causes and consequences of NPAs, policy directives of RBI, initiatives of Indian Government, scenario of NPAs of Sangli District Central Cooperative Bank Ltd.

India is one of the biggest emerging markets in the world and has become an important destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment. The healthcare sector in India is expanding rapidly and has not been as severely impacted by recent economic slowdown as some of the other industries. Thereby it has shown the potentiality of growth and stability. Foreign Direct Investment in any economy has become a strategic component of investment and needed for maintaining the pace of growth and development of the particular sector as well as economy, as the Foreign Institutional Investment is treated as hot money for the host country, the direct investment is considered to be ideal source of fund for the development of particular sector and economy. The paces of Direct Investment inflows in healthcare sector initially were low due to regulatory policy framework but later there is a sharp rise in investment flows from 2005. The primary objective of this study is to find out the impact of inflow of Foreign Direct Investment on the performance of healthcare stocks with special reference to the S&P BSE Healthcare index, and also to study the recent reforms related to FDI. The research is based on the historical data of index and inflow of Foreign Direct Investment into healthcare sector for the period of 35 months from March 2010 to January 2013. The necessary data for the study is collected through various secondary sources of official government websites and has been analysed using various statistical tools like linear regression and Karl's Pearson's co-efficient of correlation. The significance of the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on stock price has been tested using ANOVA model.

The article discusses the emerging research concerned with sustainable development & entrepreneur ship. Entrepreneurship typically focuses on identifying new opportunities for creating value for customers or users and commercially developing those opportunity to establish a profitable business. It has been recognized as a major conduit for sustainable products and processes, and new ventures are being held up as a panacea for many social and environmental concerns. However, there remains the nature of entrepreneurship’s role and how it may unfold. We begin with are overview of sustainable development and the role of entrepreneurship and outline recent contribution exploring this role and this paper also recognizes their unique role in efficiently contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The frameworks proposed in this paper should guide much-needed further research and facilitate decision making about more focused support from a financial as well as a learning perspective.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Indian banking system is fundamental to building a customer-centric organization. CRM systems link customer data into a single and logical customer repository. CRM in banking is a key element that allows a bank to develop its customer base and sales capacity. The goal of CRM is to manage all aspects of customer interactions in a manner that enables banks to maximize profitability from every customer. Increasing competition, deregulation, and the internet have all contributed to the increase in customer power. Customers, faced with an increasing array of banking products and services, are expecting more from banks in terms of customized offerings, attractive returns, ease of access, and transparency in dealings. Retaining customers is a major concern for banking institutions which underscores the importance of CRM. Banks can turn customer relationship into a key competitive advantage through strategic development across a broad spectrum.

This article deals with the strategic use of Lev & Schwartz Model in Human Resource Valuation. Accounting is a code language issued by the accountants to translate business transaction into a definite quantitative framework, which can be further interpreted and analyzed to drive meaningful qualitative conclusions. The logic behind human resources valuation for manpower management arises from the fact that collectivity of people happens to be the key to organizational efficiency and effectiveness. This article focuses on the extensive use of Lev & Schwartz model of Human resource accounting, in spite of several criticized from various sides regarding its applicability. Furthermore, it also portrays the applicability in wide variety of organization of such model.

With the increase in education about internet among people, there is a tremendous increase in online shopping and online marketing. There are many factors due to which customers are choosing online shopping. If we acknowledge the relationship between online shopping behavior of customers and factors of online shopping, then there are many strategies which increase the possibilities of customers adopting online shopping. In this paper, we have focused on the factors that the customers keep in mind while shopping online. We have also taken into account the online shopping customers (college students and college lecturers) of Udaipur city in Rajasthan and usefulness or importance of online shopping for these people. Through this descriptive research by using Convenience sampling, we have also acknowledged the important online factor that changes the customer’s views towards online shopping and factors that influence the judgment of customers over online shopping.

Globalization has laid down a way for all the countries to adopt a single set of accounting standards. Recent years have seen major changes in financial reporting worldwide under which the most obvious is the continuing adoption of IFRS worldwide. More than 100 countries have converged or recognized the police of convergence with the IFRS. IFRS are the globally accepted accounting standards and interpretations adopted by the IASB. An upcoming economy on world economic map, India, too, decided to converge to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In India, ICAI has decided to adopt the IFRS by April 2011. This paper discusses the IFRS adoption procedure in India and the utility for India in adopting IFRS, the problems and challenges faced by the stakeholders and its impact on India. Lastly, paper concludes with the ways through which these problems can be addressed.

The present study is an attempt to analyses the economic impact of self-help group in financial Inclusion, The financial Inclusion emphasizes on conversion of unbanked ones. Although SHG was the first step towards bringing the “unbanked “ poor in to the mainstream, it was not followed up with linking the individual members with formal banking system as they gain experience in availing the basic banking services which resulted stunted growth of SHG. As finical inclusion of the poor became a serious issue which our planners could no longer several initiatives were taken by the government of India. The reserve bank of India, NABARD and bank to bring the poor into the fold of formal finical service providers. Micro finance through self-help groups (SHGs) has become an important vehicle to meet the saving and credit needs of the poor, especially women in urban and rural arias this is study help- to give out look at about the current status of SHGs in finical inclusion. By conducting this study we are able to find out the problems faced by NGOs, SHG, NABARD, Garmin banks and able to improve the success rate of SHG for the development of economy and make it as a power full tool in finical inclusion.

In this research paper, researchers investigate the impact of volatility of various major global stock markets on Indian stock market. Researchers studied volatility of each indices of market of India, Brazil, England, United States and, Hong Kong from 01st April 1997 to 31st March 2015. It is observed that developed markets seem to be less volatile compared to the emerging markets. One can easily understand that any fractional change in developed markets will have an impact on developing markets as well. This happens because of presence of conditional variance. As per the findings, since the last decade Indian market especially National stock exchange has shown high volatility. Obviously, there are impacts of both external and internal factors on the market; as a result there is asymmetric volatility. In this paper four indices which are the external factors have been taken into consideration to find out volatility impact on Indian market. Here in the paper researchers took ARCH test into consideration to estimate expected returns. In concluding remark after applying the ARCH test, researcher established there is less impact of volatility on Indian stock market. BOVESPA has little bit more impact compared to the remaining three markets. If it is asked to arrange maximum to minimum of impact of volatility on Indian market, the sequence will be BOVESPA, Hang Seng, NASDAQ Composite and FTSE.